Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Essay

As it stands currently the existing effect of the economic factors on aggregate demand and supply are: unemployment, consumer income, and interest rates. In this paper we identify the existing effect of the economic factors on aggregate demand and supply. The American people have little to no income when unemployed, this in turn causes a decrease in demand for the economy. This type of event causes the aggregate demand to curve to the left. One of the main reasons unemployment remains high to this day is the lack of demand. A shortfall in aggregate demand is precisely the type of issue that can be addressed by monetary policy, however, to do so we need continuous monetary stimulus to progress toward maximum employment stability. The crash of the housing market has set tremendous limitation on consumer and their spending. Sternness on behalf of the government to a certain extent has decreased aggregate demand during this recovery period. These actions have directly impacted growth. Wh at this means to us is that lower government spending and higher taxes call for disposable income for consumers, work for government contractors diminishing, and a decrease in government payroll. Another factor that has had great effect and impact are the levels of uncertainty. The events leading to this state have yet to be resolved which in turn have caused a lack of willingness and confidence within consumers. In the beginning the levels of uncertainty reflected the force of influence the recession had on us as consumers. This is something that had not been experienced in several years which made it difficult for us to handle or even find a way to get by in a more successful demeanor. After extensive research and analysis it is safe to say the supply-side considerations explain some of the rise in unemployment, which once again confirm the lack of demand as well as the fact that the economy is suffering first and foremost of a weak demand rather than a shortage of supply. References Williams, J. C. (2013, February 25). The Economy and Fed Policy: Follow the Demand. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Retrieved from http://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/economic-letter/2013/february/economy-fed-policy-follow-demand/ Thoma, M. (2012, March 28). Demand, not supply, is restraining the economy. CBS News. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505123_162-57405230/demand-not-supply-is-restraining-the-economy/

Persuation in Communication Essay

The concept of Persuasion has been developed between the 1940s and 1950s after studies aimed at defining the optimal persuasive effectiveness of Propaganda, being it political or an advertising campaign. Like the Hypodermic Needle Theory, it considered audiences passive although the scope of a campaign switched from manipulation into persuasion. Researches on Limited Effects of mass communication demonstrated that messages are successful only if they embed the same opinions of their receivers. Therefore, the focus of any campaign has to be on individual psychological factors. Unlike the Hypodermic Needle Theory, Persuasion Theory considers the Stimulus-Response model as interposed by a filter: individual’s specificities, i.e. psychological characteristics of an individual. In this perspective, persuasive messages are thus able to activate an attitude change that can modify behaviors of consumers, voters and individuals in general. According to Persuasion Theory, the communication process consists of a three phase model: Communication-Attitudes-Behavior. See also the communication process of: Limited Effects Theory and the Two-Step Flow Model. Unlike the Play Theory of Mass Communication, the concept underlying persuasion is that information is provided to influence receivers’ behaviors. Once they had developed the concept of persuasion, researchers on Persuasion Theory focused on the audiences and the content of messages. Audiences in Persuasion Theory 4 psychological factors of audiences have been identified: An audience is interested in getting information. To reach a bigger audience (including those who seem to be not interested in certain information at that moment) the message has to be designed to capture people’s attention. Selective exposure. People are more interested in a message if it supports the same opinions and ideas that they already have. Selective perception. Audiences select information that is right for them, and a message can be voluntarily misunderstood or simply not caught if audiences haven’t chosen to receive that piece of information. A receiver perceives opinions embedded in a message according to Messages in Persuasion Theory Regarding the message, Persuasion Theory identified 4 factors that facilitate and reinforce the persuasion process: The credibility and reputation of the communicator. It implies the acceptance of the message by a receiver: the level of persuasion is low if the producer of the message is considered not credible or reliable. The order of statements. In this respect there are two different schools of thought: some consider it more effective to put opinions supporting a defined position at the beginning of the message transmitted (primacy effect); others sustain the opposite (regency effect). Completeness of statements. If receivers are not in favor of a certain opinion, the persuasion increases when a message contains both supporting and contrasting statements regarding the opinion. If receivers agree on a certain opinion or are not knowledgeable or educated, it is better a message includes only pros of the opinion supported. In any case, it has negative effect in terms of persuasion if any relevant topic about an opinion is omitted in the content of the message. Announcement of conclusions. If a receiver is interested in a message it is better not to barely state the conclusions of the message, but to leave them implicit. Application of Persuasion Theory Persuasion Theory can be applied in: Politics: to promote certain candidates, persuade voters to switch their preference, convince masses about needed changes or about the validity of certain political commitment for society. Business: in advertising, to position products or services in consumers’ mind, to persuade prospects to switch supplier, to create a need for new products, to sustain sales of cash cows businesses, to change organizational culture, to support or implement a change project. Conflicts and negotiations. Strengths of Persuasion Theory. Benefits The main advantage of Persuasion Theory is that it offers cost-effective approaches for various uses. It can help in many different kind of situations: from resolution of conflicts to solve organizational, advertising, sales and marketing issues, but can also help in interpersonal relationships. Limitations of Persuasion Theory. Disadvantages An authoritative source of limitations of Persuasion Theory is a book â€Å"Power and Persuasion: Ideology and Rhetoric in Communist Yugoslavia: 1944-1953† from Carol S. Lilly. The author analyzed the most frequently used Persuasive Techniques to sustain a long-term cultural transformation of society. Lilly’s conclusions are: 1) Persuasion is most effective when a communicator builds on existing values and beliefs. The attempt to change people’s values or create new ones has proven to be highly ineffective. It is often impossible to radically transform an existing culture. 2) Since persuasion is predominantly utilized in newspapers, radio, television, education and arts, those who don’t enjoy these tools are less likely to be persuaded.

Judaism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Judaism - Assignment Example The Holocaust can be construed as generating the same kind of spiritual and psychological upheaval that it did during the time of the 597 BC exile, generating the same intense scrutiny of the Jewish faith and Jewish purity in relation to that covenant (Hooker, 2013). ‘What you believe follows only after what you do’ is a moral prescription, and a guide for judging what is right and wrong. This is another way of saying that actions are the true things, and that it is our actions that determine whether we are moral or not. It is another way of saying that we ought to do what is right, and that belief is only secondary to how we act. This places emphasis on right action as a key feature of Judaism. There is the sense that while Judaic beliefs and customs may seem complicated, in fact the crucible of moral judgment focuses on actions and in a way the effects of those actions on people. Jewish customs being the subject of rediscovery means those same customs being found to have relevance in the lives of modern-day Jews (Tippett,

Is assured participation in the political decision-making process for Essay

Is assured participation in the political decision-making process for ethnic groups in conflict (power-sharing) likely to help prevent ethnic violence or merely entrench inter-ethnic tensions - Essay Example , who are responsible for making decisions, how the other players in the field make their voices heard and determine how to account for what is rendered. The big question in this paper is whether assured participation in political decision- making process helps to prevent ethnic conflicts or not. Governing a divided society in the line of religion and ethnicity is a difficult process that requires patience and community participation in the decision-making processes. The people in society should participate in political decision making to contribute to the choice of their leaders, economy, and other important crucial matters that affect their country. Encouraging community participation could also be a challenge especially where the leaders governing the states are hated by specific ethic groups because of their tribes or religion because they could aim at opposing the government in most of the decisions made just to prove that they do not support the leaders. There are conflicts in various countries around the globe because of governance based on ethnicity and religion that have made the citizens divided and confused since they are at the middle of the tensions where they are killed and tortured because of the decisions made by their governments. The scope of this paper is to discuss if assured participation in political decision-making processes for ethnic groups in conflict is likely to help prevent ethnic violence or merely entrench inter-ethnic tensions in the various societies using normative arguments that are theory-based. Sahni and Medury (2003) confirmed that involvement of the community members in political decision-making processes is a necessary and desired part to ensure the development of activities in the society. Participation in political decision-making enables the government to tie various programs to the citizens, which could make the people live in peace and harmony or lead to ethnic crisis. Allowing the citizens to participate in political

M1A3 - Organizatinal Behavior Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

M1A3 - Organizatinal Behavior - Research Paper Example Secondly, there is the mental model in which the personal beliefs of an employee towards the company influence their work put. The third concept of transformation is personal mastery that is primarily an individual staff member’s commitment to the betterment of their knowledge through continuous acquisition of knowledge to the advantage of the company and themselves. The fourth concept is the team learning aspect in which the team members strive to learn from each other new ideas benefitial to the company in terms of performance. In addition, the fifth concept is the common goal or the company has shared vision, which all the employees share as the benchmark to which the success of the company should measure up (Marquardt, 2011). Sequentially, this paper will highlight a company in which the transformational aspect will apply effectively to move it in to a learning institution. The broader principles that will form the base of the transformed company will also factor. Recommendations to the company through ethical, cultural, motivational and management improvement will also feature in the paper. Virgin is a British airline owned by British Millionaire Sir Richard Branson. The millionaire has a share percentage of sixty-one, and the other share belongs to Singapore Airlines. This airline has a mixture of airbus and Boeing jets operating across all continents from its operation bases in Heathrow and Gatwick airports. It is the eight largest passenger couriers in the U K due to its passenger volume capacity. However, the company made a loss of over eighty billion pounds at the beginning of February 2012. Ideally, it is one of the few airline companies in the world to own bio-fueled airplanes. In addition, its main rival in the airline sector is the British Airways since its inception in to the international market (Thomson & Martin, 2005). This was because British Airways acted as a monopoly for long as being the only British Airline

Business Process Modelling & Improvement Individual Assignment

Business Process Modelling & Improvement Individual - Assignment Example The associated model and the report are used for general discussion within the setting regarding the general strategy. It also assists in overall understanding of the architecture process within the university. Consequently, the report will be important for specific understanding of the landscape model processes, crucial process map for the support services of students. Additionally, the report is helpful in exploring the services of students. The paper uses Harmon’s and Dijkman’s approaches to design process architectures. Process Identification Stage and Overall Strategy Overall Strategy Like many universities, University of Sydney has sought to articulate the educational nature they offer to students by describing their generic qualities and the skill of their graduates. The core part of the university’s strategy will be the thinking part to ensure their student’s tomorrow is bright. The University of Sydney leads the way in coming up with ambitious goa ls for reform that would be of benefit to the researchers, staff, and students and have a wide effect. The University believes that education is a transformation in the lives of people. The university seeks to offer education that would make the students maximize their abilities and capabilities. This is of importance to both economic potential and social equity. Additionally, engagement, education, and research have become part of the core operation of the university. Consequently, the overall strategy for the university is to maintain their current place in a competitive global education industry. The strategies are crucial in building the work and the operation of the university and implementing the strategies in a program that is consistent of collective planning, management and decision-making. They ensure that the on-going academic competitiveness and strength to continue in future. Designation and Evaluation phases Designated processes for the university’s overall stra tegy subject to periodic evaluation to assess their productivity and their quality. The processes ensure that the alignment with the priorities, opportunities, development, and future growth of the university. The processes are carried out at intervals of about five years unless stated otherwise. The interdisciplinary of the university has the responsibility of facilitating and administering the periodic reviews like the approval of the external reviewers. The review process entails preparing a self-study according to the guidelines of the university. After the university completes with the self-study, an independent review panel of the university is set up for review and action based on the actions and recommendations. The action of the university includes renewal of the university’s intercollegiate status, designation, departmental transition, termination, or collegiate center. Therefore, the processes that are relevant to the overall strategy include: Access which enables robust delivery and discovery of information Collection and Content which facilitate stewardship in a context that is global Scholarship and Research which enhance community Discourse and individual productivity Teaching and Learning which strengthen the campus capacity and enriches students' experience An organization that develops agility and advances efficiency Justification The content and collection ensure stewardship in a context perceived to be global. It ascertains that the rapid evolution

Ebay Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ebay - Research Paper Example The sellers have the choice of accepting bids for their products. They can also use the Buy It Now option that provides the buyers with the opportunity to buy the product at a fixed price right away. Bidding in the online auction system starts at a price established by the seller and remains on the eBay for some days so that the buyers can place their bids. At the end of the listing, the buyer who has the maximum number of bids wins. On the other hand, when the Buy It Now option is used, the first buyer who is volunteering to pay the price established by the seller receives the item. The online auction website was established in the year 1995 as the AuctionWeb. Pierre Omidyar, an Iranian computer programmer born in France founded AuctionWeb on 3 September 1995 in San Jose, California (â€Å"The history of†). The first employee was recruited by eBay in the year 1996. eBay entered its first deal of third-party licensing in November 1996 with Electronic Travel Auction. It made use of the SmartMarket Technology to sell travel products and tickets of planes. In January 1997, over 2000000 auctions were hosted by eBay in comparison to 250000 that were hosted during the year 1996. In September 1997, the company’s name was officially changed from AuctionWeb to eBay after it received $6.7m from Benchmark Capital. â€Å"To save money, Omidyar linked the new Web site with an existing site he had created for his consulting and technology business, Echo Bay Technology Group. The Web address for that business was ebay.com† (Gitlin). The number of eBay†™s employees increased to 20 by March 1998 along with a population of half a million users. Its revenues in the US reached $4.7m (â€Å"The history of†). In 21 September 1998, eBay went floated over the stock exchange that resulted in the making of the founders of the company, billionaires. On the very first day of trading, the price of target shares of eBay increased from $18 to $53.50. eBay

Conference and Banqueting Management Assignment

Conference and Banqueting Management - Assignment Example These include federal, education events, entertainment and cultural events. Events are also part of the marketing strategy and business purpose which involves trade exhibitions, fairs and promotions. In short, Event can be defined as the involvement and participation of the group of people to attend corporate goals and objectives A Conference is a formal meeting or forum where people meet and interact for several different reasons. The conferences have been a part of organizations all over the world for many years. Here the discussion is based on some common topic which every member present wants to discuss on. These conferences traditionally took place in the meeting rooms or board rooms of any organization. These conferences are also held in hotels and clubs. Today, with the advancement in technology, conferences have changed into video conferencing over the internet. The purpose of conferences changes with organization to organization and situation to situation. Today, many compan ies are still using the traditional means of conferencing and think that it is better than the video conferencing. This view also differs from company to company, like many organizations think that video conferencing is more effective and helpful for them. ... Conferences have direct relationship with tourism. This shows that the business world and conferences affect the tourism industry up to a great extent. Whenever the peak season of conferences is coming, the rate of tourism due to business also increases as conferencing required travelling of people from one country to another for the purpose of attending the conference. There are many different conference management systems available; many are helping for the traditional way of conferencing while others are helping in the modern way of conferencing like video conferencing. These systems make the conferences more effective and efficient and help in the reduction of many time consuming activities. View on Conference management D Munro’s Views According to the perspective of Mundro, traditional way of conferences was better. He thinks that face to face conferencing sitting together in a place was better than video conferencing. He thought that travelling was leisure and enjoyment for business people and it helped them in getting relieved and enjoying their work life. He thinks that the advancement of technology has affected the conference management and the value of conferencing (Mayer, Pesenhofer, and Rauber, 2006, pp. 359-366). The views of D Mundro are opposing the views of Tony Rogers, as Mundro thinks technology is not helping the conferences of the organizations but it is affecting the conference world (Miguel, 2007 pp. 51-57) Tony Roger’s Views According to the perspective of Tony Roger, new technology has enhanced and made the conference concept much better. As technology has advanced, conferences have changed into

Health Effects of Water Fluoridation Research Paper

Health Effects of Water Fluoridation - Research Paper Example Questions concerning the health impact of fluoride have been raised by various experts arguing that water fluoridation carries with it significant health risks which may not be easily managed in the long run. This paper will provide an analysis of the health impacts and the current health situation in relation to the use of fluoride in the water, mostly in countries of Central Asia, including Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Nepal. This analysis is being carried out in order to establish a more thorough understanding of the impact of fluoride on health, details which can help health authorities in their policy-making activities concerning fluoridation of water in these areas. Body In general, fluoride is often added to water as a decontamination agent to remove bacteria and other possible contaminants (Sharma 2003, 1). In various countries, especially in developing countries, this is the only means of filtering their water supply. It is a cheaper and easier option for these territories whose need to decontaminate the water supply is imperative. Other, more developed, countries, have other decontamination processes and options, options which allow them to do away with the fluoridation of their water supply (Fawell, et.al., 2006, 18). In Central Asia, fluoridation of water is a common practice. However, in recent years various health issues in regard to the persistent introduction of fluoride in the water have been raised (Fawell, et.al., 2006, 15). Some of these health issues will be specified below.... It is a cheaper and easier option for these territories whose need to decontaminate the water supply is imperative. Other, more developed, countries, have other decontamination processes and options, options which allow them to do away with the fluoridation of their water supply (Fawell, et.al., 2006, 18). In Central Asia, fluoridation of water is a common practice. However, in recent years various health issues in regard to the persistent introduction of fluoride in the water have been raised (Fawell, et.al., 2006, 15). Some of these health issues will be specified below. Based on an assessment by the British Geological Survey (n.d, 2), fluoride build-up has become significantly apparent in the ground waters of Central Asia and Africa. Countries that have been affected worse include China, India, Sri Lanka, West Africa, and other African and South American territories (British Geological Survey n.d, 2). Fluorosis issues arose in India and became major issues for its various territor ies, including Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Fluorosis also emerged as a major issue in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh (Fawell et al. 2006, 29). In Pakistan, fluorosis was also seen as a major health issue, and this prompted detailed research studies by the UNICEF on the subject matter (Fawell et al. 2006, 29). In recent years, recommendations on the elimination or at least the reduction of fluoride in the water have been suggested as a healthier option for the decontamination of water. To some extent, the reduction of fluoride use has been implemented; however, undeniably, the health effects of fluoride in water are still persistent. At low concentrations, fluoride is beneficial to the teeth, mostly in helping eliminate teeth decay;

In What Circumstances Can a State Lawfully Resort to the Use of Essay

In What Circumstances Can a State Lawfully Resort to the Use of Military Force in Response to an Attack from a Non-State Actor - Essay Example Understanding the details of the circumstances as well as how one can respond to specific attacks is essential not only with the mechanics of how to respond but also with how this associates with the different effects which occur when one responds. This research study will investigate the basic regulations, exceptions and the different laws which create alternative mechanics toward responding from an attack of a non – state actor. Legalities of Military Force Article 51 of the United Nations charter is the basic concept that identifies when one can respond to another with self – defense. In this article, it states that if the inherent rights of the individual are attacked then there is the right to react with self defense toward the non – state actor. However, there are also implications of international peace and security with the expectation that one will pass the attack through the UN before beginning action. The need to restore and keep international peace an d security then become important with the self – defense and the way in which this creates a specific alternative to the international needs. While there is the ability to act with group or self – defense, the concept of international peace and security remain as important when deciding to use military force against an individual1. The first implication which allows one to respond with self defense is if the approach is an armed attack, which makes one a victim to the attack. An armed attack is inclusive of a military attack or operation that uses force in another state. This also includes bombardment with the use of weapons, blockades of another state, an attack with armed forces, acts of aggression and mercenaries that are sent to perform military actions. Each of these instances causes one to become a victim of the actions and constitute the right to react with military force against the other state for self defense. It is noted that there are instances which do not consist of military or armed attacks, including diplomatic missions, cyber attacks, supplies of financial or intelligence resources or frontier incidences. These do not cause one to be a victim of the attack and do not justify countermeasures as they are not proportionate with the violations that occur. There are also implications that the attack must be toward territory or warships and not toward nationals or diplomats as these are not a threat to the self defense of a country2. The use of self defense and the legalities which are associated with this continue with the requirements that are met for a reaction. The first of these is the necessity, meaning that there is no alternative means of redress, such as a treaty or other form of diplomacy. The second is based on the proportionality. If there is another means of changing the process from self defense, then the attack must not be repealed and proportions need to be altered. The need to have immediacy is also a part of the regul ations with the understanding that this needs to be flexible until there is permission to move forward. It should also be noted that the actions cannot take place unless an action has already caused the state to become a victim. One cannot act preemptively before the threat or the attack occurs as there is not an understanding of

International Nurses in Canada Essay Example for Free

International Nurses in Canada Essay International Nurses in Canada Nurses play vital role in the person’s life. Nurses take care of health of all age group of Canadians and make the nation very healthy and wealthy. Nursing, as a career to both men and women offer varieties of opportunities for professional development and the personal satisfaction by helping people, when they really seek caring hand. Duties and Responsibilities of a Nurse in Ontario, Canada In Canada duties and responsibilities of nurses are well defined and listed with the emphasis on good ethics. The main duties of the Registered Nurses are as follows. Nurses assess patients to identify appropriate nursing interventions and provide medications and treatments according to policies and protocols . They collaborate with team members to plan, implement and evaluate patient care in consultation with patients and their relatives. They educate the patients and implement the institute policies for discharging patients. They assist surgeons, physicians in medical procedure or surgery and successfully monitor and operate medical equipments and supervise subordinates staff. (1. Employment Ontario). They maintain stock of supplies; prepare rooms, sterile instruments and equipments. They perform routine laboratory and office work. (2. Compassionate nursing care). In Ontario, there are two major groups in nursing profession. 1. Registered Nurse, 2. Registered Practical Nurse. The important differences between these two nursing professions are education and practice. RN requires studying a four year Bachelor of Nursing degree course and RPN requires studying, diploma program of four semesters. (3. RNAO). Working area of a nurse trained in Ontario, Canada A nurse trained in Canada can work in nearly 120 countries in the world. This is due to the Global nursing connections of Canadian Nursing Association with ICN (International Council Of Nursing). ICN is a federation of national nurses’ associations, representing nurses in more than 120 countries. CNA has very good leadership, which has represented ICN at various senior level for pretty long period. (4. CNA). Duties of a nurse in a Third World Country (ZAMBIA) Zambia is a member of International Council of Nurses (ICN) and nursing profession is regulated by the Nurses and Midwives Act No. 31 of 1997. Unfortunately, Zambia is among the 57 countries identified by WHO as experiencing critical shortage nurses and doctors as they are changing their profession or migrating to other counties. (5-ZUNO, 2008). Nurses in Zambia are working in highly unsafe and poor occupational conditions. In Zambia HIV/AIDS and other diseases such as tuberculosis and malaria are predominant. Due to the shortage of nursing staff, there is an overload of work on existing nurses. They work with inadequate protective clothing and instruments. They are offered very poor salary and deprived of basic needs of life. All these factors increase stress to nurses and deteriorate their physical, mental and financial condition. The nurses trained in Ontario can work in any part of the world, but the internationally trained nurse cannot work here as soon as they come here. At first glance this looks unpalatable and dominance of developed country over developing country and third world country. Here, the development in health care is very fast to keep the people healthy and provide faster recovery. So nurses will require keeping the pace with new technology and innovations. Nurses need to implement new health programs. Nurses need to work more independently. Nurses must be able to collaborate, the activities of the different disciplines for the patient’s benefit. Here, Nurses should be aware of consequences of ethical and legal issues, while treating the patient with their consent, relating nursing practice in the institute / hospital. (6. CNA). All these important information and knowledge are required before treating patients in Ontario. Above all, communication should also be fluent, to understand team members and patients. Because of these reasons, internationally trained nurses might not be able to work immediately, when they arrive here. Requirements for internationally trained nurse to be accepted in nursing profession They should be Canadian citizen, Permanent Resident or authorized under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (Canada) and provide evidence of fluency in English / French. They should complete an acceptable nursing program, provide recent safe nursing practice, should successfully complete national nursing registration examination and provide registration or eligibility of registration in Ontario. They should provide Good character and clean criminal record from a Canadian Criminal Record. (7. CNO). Expenses to obtain Ontario Certification for internationally trained nurses Various Bridge Training programs are offered by Ontario government to internationally educated nursing professional to gain the knowledge and information needed to get license to do practise in Ontario. (8. Ontario Bridge Training). This study program is ranging between 2 to 4 semesters. The tuition fee for this study program is ranging between $ 12000 to $ 4400. After completion of this program they will have to pay,1. application fee,2. PLAR Fee,3. Examinatin fee,4,General class registration fee. The total comes $ 2457. 0. (9. CNO). These expenses are overwhelming for newcomers. Newcomers initially struggle to get the job to meet their daily expenses. How could they take care of expensive tuition fees and license fees with full time study? This system is very expensive for internationally trained nurse to get license and do the practise in Ontario.

Globalization Localization Product

Globalization Localization Product 1. The paradoxes of globalization vs. localisation and profitability vs. responsibility In todays continuously changing world, globalization is what every business, organization, and nation should seek and welcome as a positive change. However, many people are unaware of the main focus and meaning of globalization, especially in comparison to localization. A large number of people believe that globalization is just another common word used to refer to changes and differences that cannot be explained. Therefore, many different activities or changes are improperly labelled to be a part of or caused by globalization. Localization is the process of adapting a product or service to a particular language, culture, and desired local preferences. Ideally, a product or service is developed so that localization is relatively easy to achieve for example, by creating technical illustrations for manuals in which the text can easily be changed to another language. The process of first enabling a product to be localized and then localizing it for different national audiences is sometimes known as globalization. In localizing a product, in addition to language translation, such details as time zones, money, national holidays, local color sensitivities, product or service names, gender roles, and geographic examples must all be considered. A successfully localized service or product is one that appears to have been developed within the local culture. Globalization is also a term that refers to the process of global integration of the economies of nations by allowing the unrestricted flow of goods, services, investments and currencies between countries. The process of globalization has both positive and negative impacts on life at the individual and nationals levels. Globalization and localization are almost opposite concepts but can coexist. Globalization can briefly be defined as ‘something that affects and changes the traditional arrangements. It is a term that directly implies change and therefore is a continuous process over a long period of time as compared to quickly changing into a wanted or desirable end business system. Globalization, focusing on a narrower scale, refers to sequences that occur in ones mind or behaviour that lead to processes that evolve as people or organizations pursue their daily tasks in a hopeful attempt to accomplish their specific goals. Both globalization and localization have many costs and benefits, although not always considered when making decisions that significantly affect a group or countrys outcome. Two main benefits of globalization include it being a good way for a company to make more money and also initiate more openness between countries on the economic level. Moreover, other positive aspects of globalization include the increase in productivity and improvement in standards of living. On the other hand, the benefits of localization are more beneficial to a single state/country because it involves and allows a country to have its own specific national style of economic practices that reflect upon the countrys distinctiveness. The costs of globalization mainly comprise of giving up a countrys distinction of its politics, culture, economy where as costs of localization involve less trade and international investment. Although many people view a decrease in a countrys involvement with trade and investment as a benefit, in the long run it is a cost because it denies the country the ability to communicate with other countries and to increase its technology and status (by importing and learning about other countries products). An increase in trade would also allow a country to advertise its products and abilities and export items to different countries with high odds of making a profit. Another cost of localization is its evolution from the pressures that lead organizations to narrow their horizons and participate in dissimilar forms of behaviour not always accepted and approved by globally integrated countries. The costs of globalization are not weighed as heavily as those costs of localization because time wi ll override many of the unavoidable problems. Therefore, globalization cannot be stopped and as the political and cultural changes occur, organizations with strong economic performances will survive, succeed and replace those less productive. From an economic point of view, globalization focuses on the expansion of production and trade whereas localization focuses on more narrow and specific activities of consumers and producers. These two dynamics operate in all human activity from cultural and social to economic and political activities. From the social and cultural aspect, globalization attempts to extend its ideas and practices beyond its original and present setting whereas localization discourages new ideas, norms and practices. In addition, these two sets of dynamics are linked in a way that it seems every change in globalization causes a change in localization and vice versa. Todays world affairs and processes are greatly affected by the tensions between the different aspects and characteristics of globalization versus localization. In my opinion, the benefits of globalization discussed in this paper are far more important than its costs or the costs and benefits of localization. Although, localization and globalization will continue co-existing, globalization will continue to increasingly dominate over time because most countries are generally leading to and becoming more accepting of the idea of globalization. The benefits gained by globalization are the most important to peoples lives because it aides in the learning process of people expanding their horizons and understanding the benefits to countries, organizations, and groups working together. Although losing some part of ones national identity can be a disadvantage at times, the advantages of being able to work together and help each other in a globally integrated world are much more. It is widely known that for a business to be successful it needs to provide a good or service that is desired by the public and also to obtain a profit in providing said well or service. Now while these are the most important components to a successful business, they are not the only ones. The social responsibilities of a business include the following: environmental protection and preservation, employee safety and morale, product safety for the consumer. The financial manager must keep these three social responsibilities in mind when making any and all decisions. The purpose organizations should serve has been a puzzle for strategists over years. There are two perspectives from which this paradox could be viewed: shareholder value—profitability oriented and stakeholder value—focused on responsibility. According to the shareholder value perspective, each company is established to serve the purposes of their owners. In other words, an organization should focus on increase of its stock value through the implementation of profitable business strategies. Even though it might be in the interests of shareholders to treat stakeholders well, there is no moral obligation to do so. On the other hand, stakeholder value proponents argue that a company purpose should be seen as an agreement among shareholders, employees, banks, customers, suppliers, governments and community and an entity should orient on the interests and values of its stakeholders. Stakeholders value perspective assumes that an organization should serve the interests of all parties that can be influenced by its activities or are somehow involved into the company operations. Even though all stakeholders are interested in the company profitability, there are also other business areas on which stakeholders place high value such as quality is demanded by customers; job security, occupational safety, good working conditions are required by employees; prompt payments, shared risk taking, secure demand are preferred by suppliers. Therefore, maximizing shareholders value to the detriment of the other stakeholders interests would be unjust. That is the emphasis that major shareholders place on stock pric e appreciation and dividends must be balanced against the legitimate demands of other parties. The choice of the major company purpose—the reason for which an organization exists is the essential one because it defines what will be the company mission i.e. the business philosophy that should guide strategic choices i.e. who should ensure that the strategies pursued are in accordance with the mission. If the company purpose is clearly specified, it will give direction to the strategy process and influence the strategy content. Moreover, the values share by an organizations members may have an impact on strategic choices and thus the company mission. 2. Grupo Elektra analysis For analyzing the performance of Grupo Elektra one of the helpful techniques is to scan the internal and external environment of the company with application of the SWOT analysis at different stages of its development in a chronological order. Environmental factors internal to the company can be classified as strengths (S) and weaknesses (W), and those external to the firm are opportunities (O) and threats (T). The following is the SWOT analysis for Grupo Elektra. Internal environmental factors: STRENGTHS Grupo Elektra was the first Mexican manufacturer of TV sets that allowed introducing a new product at the market. Ricardo Salinas, Elektras new CEO, employed a group of talented and competent professional managers. As a result the company had a competitive advantage in future business development based on the excellent management team that allowed achieving quality levels with greater efficiency, while other competitors was based on the trial and error approach. The company profits were properly divided: for distribution to employees, for commercial reinvestment and the product/service development. This rational division of profits allowed further continuous development of the company accompanied with employees motivated to put much effort into there work. In 1995, the company had extended its service range (domestic wire transfer, extended warranty program, photo products and processing services, as well as saving accounts) that strengthened its position at the market. The distribution network was increased to more than 500 stores all over Mexico that made Elektras products more available to customers. With four different chains (Elektra, Bodega de Remates, Salinas y Rocha and The One) Grupo Elektra covered 87% of the Mexican population it means that the company was monopolistic. The business plan for the international expansion is made by Filiberto Jimenez in order to attack the main competitor La Curacao. The plan successfully worked and in 2001 La Curacao went bankrupt that allowed Elektra redouble companys position at the Latin America market. Elektra offered 20% lower prices than it closest competitor La Curacao that gave a possibility to deserve the customers loyalty. The major factor in Elektras success was the partnership with TV Azteca. The channel did not advertise any of Elektras competitors that allow company to create unique image and to be very effective with advertising efforts. Elektra had a huge media budget of $27 million per year and it was the largest advertiser in Mexico, in terms of airtime. The strategy followed by Elektra requires careful analyses before any merger or acquisition is made and any acquisition should result in the additional value to the whole company. The strong side of the Grupo Elektra management is a well prepared and experienced management team and motivating techniques applied to employees, people are allowed with freedom to express themselves. WEAKNESSES In the management of the company there is only one person, Alvaro Rodriguez, who makes final decisions. This limited decision power may lead to difficulties in further management of Elektra. The company has a problem with the production of cloth for the clothing chain The One. The production capacity was not enough, so there were the shortage of stock level, colors and sizes of cloths. The company is not concentrated on one kind of business, there are many business directions and not all of them are enough qualified. In El Salvador and the Dominican Republic the existed Elektras business model didnt work. The main source of companys income is financial services, such as credits. The Elektra tries to attract more and more people to live on a credit and to pay quite high interest rates. External environmental factors: OPPORTUNITIES Offering Elektras services internationally provided the opportunities to compete at the worldwide market. In year 2001 Grupo Elektra was already a well recognized in many countries. THREATS Evaluation of management and suggested solutions As SWOT analyses demonstrates strengths prevail over weaknesses in Elektra case that explains continuous prosperity and success of the company in the market. However, certain weaknesses still present and are better to be eliminated. First of all, the management is performed by a group of well prepared managers while the final decision is always made only by one person, while others are not informed what principles and criteria are followed in making decisions. It is a risky strategy since biases the success of the company toward the decision of Alvaro. Moreover, it will be rather difficult in the future to replace Alvaro Rodriguez with anyone who will be equally active, smart and so well informed about the business of the company. More people should participate in the decision making process in order to avoid subjectivity and provide necessary support to the next CEO if something happens to Alvaro Rodriguez. From one side, the Elektra system perpetuates such type of culture where lower-income groups owe their lives or earnings to a central figure in this case Elektra owner Ricardo Salinas Pliego. For example, Elektra employs 4,000 â€Å"investigators† so every potential credit client can be visited at home before a credit sale is approved. From another point of view, the Elektra gives the chance of purchasing new things immediately and it makes peoples life better.

The Challenges Facing Cross Culture Communication Business Essay

The Challenges Facing Cross Culture Communication Business Essay The organization shall understand that effective and efficient communication among its resources smoothen its managerial process and enhance the effective decision making capabilities. Since the organizations are on globalization spree shall strive to realize and achieve this even more. To stabilize the efficient communication process within the organizational teams of cross culture blend, it faces many challenges. The basic areas of conflict are: Communication styles. Approach towards completion of task. Conflict facing attitude. Decision making process. Zeal towards new learning. Fairness in disclosures. Organization shall always enable positive dialogue space, reward the new learners and freedom of expression rather than allow room for misjudging and miscommunication. An organization which is on globalization spree has to understand that culture is a major hurdle to overcome and important strength to harness and enjoy its benefits, as culture provides greater opportunities and resources to fasten organizational proposed growth projectile. Reference: www.citehr.com/5782-cross-cultural-conflicts-ppt.html Quality management Cross Culture perspective There have been many scholars and academicians who have studied and helped to enhance the understanding of effective cross culture management, among them is Dr. Geert Hofstede. His research and in-depth understanding of various cultural dimensions has evolved essentialistic model of the worlds cultural map which is now and international standard for understanding of cultural regions. Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Power distance index (PDI) Individualism (IDV) Masculinity (MAS) Uncertainty avoidance index (UAI) Long-term orientation (LTO) Dimension United Kingdoms Greet Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Reference: Sigmatwogroup.com Trompenaars and Charles Hampden-Turner Cultural Perspective The other major research of cultural orientation was by Fons Trompenaars and Dr. Charles Hampden-Turner. They both have developed a model of culture with seven dimensions. A set of five orientations encompass the ways in which humans deal with each other: Universalism vs. particularism i.e. preference of importance to either rules or relationships Individualism vs. collectivism i.e. preference towards being in group or individual for any cultural events. Neutral vs. emotional i.e. openness in displaying emotions. Specific vs. diffuse i.e. importance to responsibilities accepted. Achievement vs. ascription i.e. inclinations to the social statuses that is achieved by birth or have to work for it. Sequential vs. synchronic i.e the approach or process of doing task. Each society looks different in the approach of work: Internal vs. external control i.e. how are we controlled by the environment that we belong to. Anthropologists in cross-culture management Looking into the various growing economies and industry verticals opting the globalization route it is very clear that it is not always easy to manage the cross culture resources using the essentialistic perspectives like those of Hofstede (1990) and Trompenaars (1993). Their work has only developed cultural map of the world having scores and indexes for understanding the cultural diversities. These indexes only dramatically simply the cultural concepts but in real situations there is lot of variations between espoused values and actual behaviour. Generally consultants utilize their experiences rather than depend on these model values. Consultants tend to use anthropologists views rather than cooperates developed essentialistic perspective. Though anthropologists are good arriving at realistic solution for quality cross culture management but are not good at selling their views to industries. But consultants though not anthropologists but can sell themselves to the industries. Solution An organization has to understand and implement one old saying that goes saying as live in Rome as Roman do. The organization shall pave way for a process development methodology that gives opportunity to the resources to rise and discuss circumstances at workplace along with behaviours and understand each others perspective. The organization shall obtain first hand research on the regional culture that they are venturing into. The organization shall not only tackle the difficulties as they arise but should learn from them. The organization shall make sure that its resource is well equipped to manage all circumstances that they would be drawn into. The organization should have to undertake proper training to its human resources both for process and methodology development and also for new advents in information technologies. Anthropologist is one who understands the culture, belief, and practices of living people in much better way than the normal human being. A growing organization which have opted the route of internationalization shall always take advices from an anthropologist or have resource who can think likewise an anthropologist. So that the subtle inter cultural issues are addressed at the earliest and in most amicable way. Conclusion I found the coverage of topics in the provided source materials to be very exhaustive and informative regarding the cross culture management. I used CRAP test methodology to analyze which of the provided source material are best suited and helped me to understand the concept of cross culture management. Using this test, importance was given to credibility, reliability of knowledge provided, accuracy of knowledge, and the reason for delivering the knowledge. Of the source material provided I found http://www.1000ventures.com and http://culturematters.wordpress.com/ source material to be very informative. Information provided by the consulting/education firm called 1000 ventures.com founded by Vadim Kotelnikov, who is also the founder of Ten3 Business e-Coach. The author and founder Vadim Kotelnikov has lots of experience in training vast resources of various industry verticals in most parts of world. The information provided is presented in pictorial bar charts displaying various aspects that are of important for an organization. The information is easily understood and has wide spread coverage of important aspects of cross culture management. It gives a complete picture of what area of requirements are to be looked upon by the organization for effective and efficient cross culture management. This source material provided me with world wide eye opening facts and figures of cross culture team management from different regions of the world. The other source material gave information about effective usage of anthropologists for better managing of dialect issues in cross culture team. As anthropologist is the one who understands the cultural delicacies and can fine tune the differences much before any ordinary man can even predict its happening. Basing on the information provided in these two provided source materials I gathered enough knowledge on cross culture management. These two source materials have given me an insight as to what is cross culture management and what are the problems faced by the organization of varied industry verticals. These two provided source materials have also been informative on what type of processes or methodology to be undertaken within the organization to make the cross culture resources within to zeal together to perform better in any adverse circumstances.

Cyber-Communism: The New Threat in the New Millennium :: social issues

Cyber-Communism: The New Threat in the New Millennium My expedition into cyber-communism began when I read Brock Meeks' "Hackers Stumble Toward Legitimacy"[1]. The article addressed a recent hackers' convention. Interestingly, the keynote speaker was Eric Boucher[2] (alias Jello Biafra[3]), a rock star with no technical background. Numerous questions ensue. Who is Eric Boucher (alias Jello Biafra)? What does he believe? More importantly, why schedule someone with no technical background to speak at a hackers' convention? Addressing his beliefs, his proposed Green Party platform[4] is not inconsistent with the "Manifesto of Libertarian Communism"[5]. This answer produces a more troubling question. Was his speech against corporate America mere socialist babbling or was his speech part of something more sinister, a subversive cyber-communist movement? I am not the first to see possible communist subversion of the digerati[6]. Corey Winesett's "Are Linux Users Really Communists?"[7] questions the nature of the relationship, if any, between open source and communism. Scott Billings' "Heresy and Communism"[8] ponders that the Linux community's knee-jerk reaction to negative opinions about Linux could be the result of being "under the [communists'] spell." Before I can evaluate cyber-communism's merits, I must define communism's true nature and communism's real threat to America. Communism Revisited Theoretical communism and practical communism have long been held as different political sociologies. Despite Marx's call for the working class to revolt, the communist revolution's leaders always ascend from the intelligentsia. John Stormer's "None Dare Call It Treason" supports this fact saying: "Fidel Castro was a product, not of the cane fields of Cuba, but of the halls of Havana University." "Joseph Stalin was not a simple peasant rebelling at the oppression of the Czar. He became a communist while studying for the priesthood in a Russian Orthodox seminary." "The membership of the first Communist spy ring uncovered in the U.S. Government was not spawned in the sweat shops of New York's lower east side or the tenant farms of the South. [The conspirators] came to high government posts from Harvard Law School." Communism's fallacy is the belief in everyone's benevolence; yet, human nature proves otherwise. Communism cannot create a perfect society with imperfect people. Hence, to direct Utopia, communism produces a totalitarian government over the less-perfect people, ruled by the perfect people - communists. Thus, communism's true nature creates a controlling government in the name of a better world. Not every supporter needs be a knowing conspirator.

Civil War Aspects :: essays research papers

At 4:30 AM the Confederates opened fire with 50 cannons upon Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. The Civil War began. With seven states already seceded from the Union, the confederate states took a strong stance. Just as the Confederacy was formed in early 1861, the Confederate soldiers began taking over. On April 19th, President Lincoln issued a Proclamation of Blockade against Southern ports. For the duration of the war, the blockade limited the ability of the South to stay well supplied in its war against the North. Through the majority of the beginning of the war, Lincoln noted the war as a struggle for maintaining in the world, that form, and substance of government, whose leading object is, to elevate the condition of men. The Pro slavery South was, in many ways reacting to the North's attack on the slavery and its expansion. Slavery is an institution that must continue to grow for its survival. Moreover, expansion for the South meant growth, politically, socially and economically, and it meant more political power. It is anticipation to want to make what one has larger and stronger, just as the South wanted to expand and gain power. The Southern politicians did this through political moves such as the Annexation of Texas, "Bleeding Kansas", the Ostend Manifesto, and through the Dred Scott decision. All of which pissed of the North, and convinced them that the south was trying to dominate the U.S with slavery. I believe that the war was fought over the moral issue of slavery. The North did not care about the institution of slavery as long as it stayed in the South. South Carolina seceded, because Lincoln was voted into office. The Republican party threatened the South's expansionism and therefore Southerners felt that they had no other choice but to secede. The Republican party had no intention of ending slavery in the South or freeing the slaves; they just did not want slavery to expand, "Because the scene of intestine struggle will thus be transferred from the south to the North." (N.Y Tribune 11/29/1860) The United States was divided into three groups by the time the Civil War began: those who believed in the complete abolition of slavery, those who were against the expansion of slavery, and those who were pro slavery. Many like to believe that the moral aspect of slavery is what made it an issue. When the Republican candidate, Abraham Lincoln, was elected in 1860, the South felt that its expansionism was being threatened, and because expansion was vital to the

Essay --

In the world of philosophy there are many theory’s that talk about the nature of reality and substance. Right now in the world there are four theories that out show the other ones. These theories are materialism/ physicalism, idealism, transcendental idealism, and dualism. Each one of these theories have good arguments that support their believes, but at the same time they also have their weakness. That is why none of these four theories can be taken off the list of the top 4. Because even though they have their own weakness they have their strong points that make u in a sense think about why that theory is the right one when it comes to the nature of reality and substance. Materialism has many meaning but in philosophy it does not mean that is a person that has many things and that only cares about the material things. In the philosophical world this has a more deep meaning to it. In philosophy this is one of the four theories of the nature of reality and substance. And the theory is that physical matter is the only reality and that all the things like feelings, mind and will can be explained as physical matter. This is basically the believe that everything known to men in this world is physical matter that all the things in imaginations do not exist because they have no physical property’s. The next theory is the theory of idealism. In a regular day basis idealism in basically the ideas that a person follows and believes in in his or hers entire life time. But in the philosophical world it has another meaning to it. In philosophy the meaning of this theory is that all the things in the world and everything that we believe in are part of our consciousness. That all the things even the physical parts are in a way formed from ... ...explained or can be proven that they do exist. Like for instance you cannot prove that there is such thing as a good because that is something like an image that the people have implanted on their mind. There is no proof that shows that there was a god that created the world and the universe that we live in. now why do I say this because according to the theory of materialism everything in this reality has to somehow have some kind of matter substance in it in order to be real. But a god is just a part of our imagination because it is something that we can’t touch and it is something we cannot see. That is why this theory is stronger than its counterpart idealism. Because it is more realistic and it is more logical as to how it can relate to how we live. It is also a theory that can be explained and also it is easier to prove. And it is also better that the other 2.

Product Design

Executive summary Contents: 1. Introduction 2. 0Current design 2. 1Product Description 2. 2Applications 2. 3Value analysis 2. 4Product life cycle 2. 5Manufacturing method and materials 3. 1Re- Design 3. 2Value analysis 3. 3Design for manufacture 3. 4Design for assembly 3. 5Design for Dis-assembly 3. 6Design for sustainability 4. 1Conclusion References Appendix Executive Summary A blinder is a smooth maker which provides various services. It has different kind of functions and used in household and restaurant. The operation method is very simple. Input Ac current from a wall socket and ingredients needed to mix a desire finish goods as output. To develop or re-design a new product that will be appealing to the consumers. This is challenges for any kind of product. We analysed this product used various tools such as value analysis. From analysis this report explained there are little room to improvement for design, manufacture and assembly. The many component of the product made from plastic and which is cheap as produce with economic of scale and recycle these parts easy. This report will explain about sustainability and how EU control the waste by the implementing low. Introduction: The main objective of the blinder is to mix different ingredients to form of a new product, e. g. banana shake involved with mixing banana and milk. This is not always easy to bland because of different out put required different speeds to create a good mix. Because of that a blander will provide several speed settings. For smooth, well mixed products, it becomes necessary that a blinder will able to spin at a Varity of speed. The speed can be varying with the desirable output. The redesign of the product can be produce with economics of scale with maintain of environmental issue. Weihrich & Koontz (2005) explain that, create product ideas by examining consumers needs and screening the various alternatives, after the product is designed, prepare to lay out of the facilities to be used, plan the system of production, and schedule the various tasks that must be done. 2. 0 Current design: This type of blender can be made of glass, plastic, stainless steel or porcelain. Design is a problem solving activity (Lecture notes). Designer must be developing a product or service that meets a customer wants and needs through dissatisfaction. (Appendix 1). The demanded for the blinder is defined. The PDS shows that top of the container are a lid to prevent ingredients from escaping during operation. At the bottom is a blade assembly, sometimes removable for cleaning purposes. In cases where the blades are removable, the container should an o-ring between the body of the container and the base to seal the container and prevent the contents from leaking. The container rests upon a base that contains a motor for turning the blade assembly and has controls on its surface. Most current blenders offer a number of possible speeds. Low – powered blenders require some liquid to be added for the blender to operate correctly. High-powered blenders are capable of milling grains and crushing ice without such assistance. 2. 1 product description: Stand Blender XB9196G -5 Speeds with pulse -Capacity: 1. 5 L -Powerful 450 W motor -Stainless steel blade -Transplant glass Jug. -Voltage: 120V/230V -Wattage: 500/450 W 2. 2 Application: First, after remove the blender from the box and plug it in to a 120V wall socket. The consumer must then assemble it by placing the lid on the pitcher, the nozzle on the bottom, and attach the pitcher to the blade turner. Second, the pitcher can only fit in to the base one way because of the grooves and the markings. Third, the consumer would then fill the pitcher with whatever they would like to blend before adjusting the speed. There are three options: smooth, mix, and pulse. These basic descriptions for the speeds are clear and easy to understand. â€Å"Smooth† could be perceived as blending something thoroughly therefore it is the higher speed of the two locking buttons. Mix is slower and could be perceived as more stirring. Pulse can be used to intermittently blend the contents of the pitcher at a highest speed. Forth, trying to keep consumers hand on the top of the blender while pushing the buttons can lead to some difficulty. To pour, the consumer removes the top of the blender and grasps it by the handle or the grooves. To store the blender, unplug it and clean thoroughly. Fifth, to clean, the consumer takes apart the blender by removing the pitcher from the blade holder by twisting. This is usually kept tight so that liquid does not leak out the bottom therefore it is difficult to remove. Once the base is screwed off, the blades are easy to access. The nozzle must have water passed through to clean thoroughly but it is not intuitive how to screw the nozzle apart. 2. 3 Value analysis: (VA) Value is monetary terms of product and services relates with consumer desirability, worth and utility. ‘Value analysis is an organised programme to optimise the value of the product by eliminating unnecessary cost. (Lecture notes). The price for the final consumer can be reduced by the producing as bulk. The Fixed cost (FC) should set up as minimise level as possible and control on Variable cost (VC). When Marginal cost will be Zero, there will be possible to reduce the price than competitors. But the some of the specific components production cost is higher than other parts of the blender. The Pareto Principle (also known as the 80-20 rule) states that 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes. 2. 4 Product life cycle: PLC goes through many phases, required skills, knowledge and many professional disciplines. As a product blander is a mature product as voice of the customer. But according to manufacturing it may not be mature product. Because of this product still required many components. There are four things to assert for PLC: 1. Product have a limited life. 2. Product sales pass through different stages and face different challenges. 3. Profits rise and fall in different stages. . Product required combination of marketing, finance, manufacturing, purchasing, RD, HR in each life cycle stages. A blinder is in a perfect competition market. So manufacturer need to combine different marketing and production mechanism with efficiently and effectively. So, Boone and kartz (1990) explain four stages through which a successful product passes: introduction, growth, matu rity, and decline. 2. 5 Manufacturing method and materials: The current product main four components: The motor, base, the pitcher and operational control. The pitcher made from glass. The component made from glass, plastic and stainless steel. 3. 0 Re-design: Redesign of the product transforms the quality better. So what is quality? Galloway ET (2000) explains that this represents the degree to which the design of the product or service meets the requirements of the market. Re-design of the blinder is not dramatic change. There are two major changes than previous model. The jar made by glass (previous) new model made from plastic. There are two main reasons, e. g. it is very cost effective as a material used and re-cycle is more environmental friendly. Another major change is touching Pad. There ware knob for the increase and decrease of the speed (old model). New model touch pad is implemented by numbers. Because of easy to operate in terms of level of speed required for specific output and usable friendly for all kind of consumer. (Appendix 2). This report will explain about different component of the blinder in re-assemble section. 3. 1 Value analysis: Value is interpreted in macro sense; it does not explain not only the cost of material but factor of other productions. The final product needs to face challenges of satisfactory. Does the product value with money? The utility of new jar can be appropriate with SMART analysis. Consumers can relay on this product as any condition of mixer. But glass jar is not friendly with hot condition of mixer. This product is Hazard Free to use, easy to maintenance and the life time depends on use. But it is completely disposal product. There is little sound pollution during operating time. 3. 2 Design for manufacturer: The current product is composed of 4 major components: the pitcher, motor, base, and operator control. The pitcher is made of plastic and is made by injection molding. The subparts of the pitcher are assembled with the use of fasteners. The parts of the pitcher are ease of assembly. There is a blade holder assembly at the base of the plastic pitcher. This piece is plastic and is used to attach the pitcher to the base of the blender. This blender blade fixture is also plastic. But it needs to be bored out with a drill through the middle forming an area for a long screw from the blade assembly. The production of the blades is from a slab of metal where slices of equivalent sizes are taken in order to produce mass amounts of blades at one time. The blender blade setup uses two identical blades 90 degrees to each other that sit on top of one another that are kept in place with simple washers and a long screw. The second major component is the motor which is inside the base and directly under the pitcher. The motor is produce from a specialized motor company. The problem of heat transfer must be examined. The heat produced from the motor will not melt the parts nearby. The motor is made to fit under the base and is sufficiently mounted. The mounting clips are under the blender base and are made to withstand the movement associated with the vibrations from the motor. The mounting clips are extensions on the base allowing for more strength. However, many parts of the motor attachment are attached by gluing which may result in problems with reusing or taking apart the glued components during the assembly process. The third main component is the base. It is made of plastic and is mass produced most likely by injection molding. The base is made durable enough to withstand added liquid in the pitcher as well as a running motor. The last component is the operator control that allows the user to choose different blending speeds. 3. Designs for Assembly: The blender actually consisted of over 50 components. Although we only mentioned the 4 main parts of the blender assembly, the actual manufacturing process was actually very difficult and time consuming due to the mass amount of components and attachments. The future design for the blender would most definitely need to reduce the amount of components to speed up the rate of the manufacturing process. 3. 4 Design for dis- assembly: This report will explain all component of a blinder. So readers can get the information in micro level of the operation. Pitcher: Pitcher made from plastic and it holds liquid and it injection moulding. Cover: Cover top of the pitcher made from plastic and has two parts of moulding. Handle parts: This is for the user to hold pitcher and made from plastic. Pitcher Nozzle: It’s manufacturing process injection moulding and dispenses liquid from pitcher. It is made from plastic. Plunger stick: It is converts force of nozzle into plunger and made from plastic. Plunger Rubber: The function of this part opens up passage for liquid flow and made from rubber. Round Knob: The function of this part directs plunger stick and made from plastic. Plunger washer: The manufacturing process of this part is stamped and function is distributes load over spring. This is made from aluminium. Spring: Spring loads the nozzle lever and made from steel. The manufacturing process is coiled. Nozzle Lever: This pat use for dispense liquid and made from plastic. Blade Subassembly: Upper blade: The main function of this part is cuts food and ice and made from steel. The manufacturing process is milling stamping bending. Lower blade: This part has similar function like upper part. It has same weight as well. Blade shift: The function of this part is transmit rotation of blade turner to blades and made from steel. Washer: The function of this part is distributes load evenly on blade and made from hard fiver. The manufacturing process is stamping. 3Flange Nut: It is attached blade holder to shift and made from steel. Blade Holder: The main function connects blade to pitcher and made from plastic. Bearing: This part made from brass and main function is allows blade to rotate in respect to holder. Blade holder O-ring: It main function is reduces liquid drip page and made from rubber and manufacturing process is injection moulding. Yellow clip ring: This part attaches pitcher to motor cover and made from plastic. White black ring on blade holder: It has similar function of blade holder o-ring. Blade turner: The main function is transmits rotation of motor shaft to blade shaft and made from steel or plastic. Motor sub- assembly: There are few parts e. g. damper, damper/blade washer, motor/damper washer, motor/damper bias, motor cover screw washer and another three main components e. g. Motor fan: The main function of this part is to reduces temperature of motor and maid from plastic. Upper and lower motor bracket: This part made from either plastic or aluminium or copper. The function is holding the motor in place. Motor Assembly: The function is the magnetic field run generates an magnetic field on the motor. This part made from plastic. User interface subassembly: Base and motor cover: Both are made from plastic. One function covers the top of the motor and another cover the bottom of the motor. The other parts of the components are motor cover screws, base screws, button, spring, bottom bracket, signal transmitter. 3. 5 Design for sustainability: Sustainable design is also called ‘Green design, ‘eco design’. It is art of designing physical objectives, the build environment comply with the economic, social and ecological sustainability. Most of the parts of blander are non-toxic and almost all components are recyclable and required little energy to process. The product has powerful 450 W motor which required 120V which require less energy. This is more household and restaurant useable product so it lasting longer. The most of the materials can be use in commercial new production afterlife. The processing of e-waste is causes serious health and pollution problems. The technology change, low initial costs have the fasted growing problem around the world. In the 1990 some of the European countries banned the disposal the electronic waste in lands fields. All unwanted electronic goods can return to sales points with free of charge. This is the producer responsibility for dispose. The EU implemented a system in 2003, under the waste Electrical and electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE 2002/96/EC). The directives transform in national low. The producer should collect their goods from customer and dispose it ecologically friendly manner. 4. 0 Conclusion: Re-design of the blinder is more cost effective and can be produce by economic of scale. It needs to satisfy the consumer demand and needs to face competition in the market. It had been redesign cost effectively and use environmentally friendly. The all components can be reusable for produce of the other new product. The production organisation has more CSR in terms of disposal. As finished goods it needs to face different stages of life. It can be redesign with the time goes and market mechanism change. There are more R&D required for this product in terms of assembly and noise pollution. References: Galloway L and Rowbotham F & Azhashemi M (2000) Operations Management in Context. 1st edi. Oxford, BH. Weihrich H & Koontz H (2005) Management. 11th edi. London, Mc Graw hill. Boone L & Kurtz D (1990) Contemporary Business. 6th edi. London. The Dryden Press. Lecture notes http: //direct. asda. com/on/demandware. store/sites-ASDA-site http:// inventors. about. com/library/inventors/blblender. htm. Appendix :1 Design Flow chat

Abolition of Death Penalty

ABOLITION OF DEATH penalization DEFINITION According to Republic pr interpretise No. 7659, finish penalisation is a penalization for discourtesys that are heinous for creation grievous, odious and hateful dispatchenses and which, by debate of their inherent or manifest wickedness, viciousness, brutality and perversity are repugnant and extortionate to the common standards and norms of decency and morality in a near, civilized and decreeed society. cobblers last penalisation is a cruel, futile and dangerous penalization for very serious lands and with due juridical dish. According toAmnesty International, a worldwide yarn-dyement of people working for internationally recognized human recompenses shoemakers last penalisation is the ultimate, permanent denial of human remedys. Thus, they worked towards revokeing it in order to peculiarity the cycle of force created by a dodge pierce with economic and racial bias and impair with human error. BACKGR OUND Next, I would akin to present a brief reason on dying penalization in the Philippines. In 1987, the Philippines made history by becoming the first Asian soil in modern durations to abolish the s come aboutping point punishment for all crimes.How of all time, half-dozen classs later, in 1993, the end penalization was reintroduced in the Philippines for 46 different offences. such(prenominal) of those are justcher, rape, parricide, infanticide and qualified bribery, among others. Executions resumed in 1999 until year 2000 when spring president Estrada announced a moratorium on executions. This has been continued by received President Arroyo, in practice, throughout her presidency. direct, below her rule, the stopping point penalization is again abolished . military position I am in raise of abolishing the devastation penalty law in the Philippines.Allow me to present my arguments. First, it violates the right to live. Second, it is a very cruel practic e. Third, it is anti-poor. Last, cobblers last penalty defeats its purpose. ARGUMENTS First, the hypocrisy of death penalty violates a psyches right to live. Article III prick 1 of the 1987 Constitution, otherwise cognize asthe agitate of Rights, states that No psyche shall be divest of brio, liberty, or property By oblige death penalty, the right of a venomous to live is creation violated. Furthermore, it is a k directn fact that majority of Filipinos are Catholics.As said, we control unrivaled of the worlds too largest Christian populations. According tothe 10 Commandmentsof the Church, thou shall not kill. Therefore, nobody is condition the right to commit the lives of others. Whether that soulfulness is a criminal or not, nobody has the right to play God and handle the purport that He has given. Filipinos should respect and value the sanctity of human life and uphold the sexual morality and religious doctrines that are expected of us as a dominant Christian nation. Second, it is a very cruel, inhuman and irreversible practice.It is very cruel and in human be display suit of clothes persons are killed. This al maven is proof. Once a person is killed, the act female genitalianot be reversed. Third, death penalty is anti-poor. In a rude like the Philippines with a very slow, mosttimes inefficient, unfair and raw judicial system, death penalty is simply not viable. bulk of the 1200 people on the death lyric are poor. Maybe, for some, cosmos thither is what they deserve. hardly for many, it is poverty that brought them there. not both cardinal in that actors line should die.Many are simply there be precedent they ran against some filthy rich and powerful person or they could not afford to prepare a good lawyer to apply them. A theatre of operations showed that death penalty is anti-poor as the underprivileged who potbellynot afford the operate of competent counsels are oftentimes the ones convicted of death penalty. Studies beat shown that the death penalty is disproportionately imposed on the poo symmetry, least educated and most vulnerable members of society. It takes the lives of offenders who qualification otherwise subscribe to been restored. Lastly, death penalty does not live up to its purpose.It is not able to serve its purpose which is to thwart crimes and to preserve peace and order. According to the President, in a letter she sent to Senate President Franklin M. Drilon, the imposition of death penalty was shown to have not served its principal purpose of in effect deterring the commission of heinous crimes. Clearly, even with death penalty imposed, the Philippines still continued to pouch high and ri depravityg crime place in the country. If death penalty is effective, there should have been less crimes but it is instead the contrary.Also, there are no concrete evidence like studies or tests that could assay that the imposition of death penalty sincerely prevents crime thus mainta ining peace and order in the country. SUMMARY To cap off this essay, death penalty is the punishment served to those who have committed crimes that are heinous for being grievous, odious and hateful offenses and which, by reason of their inherent or manifest wickedness, viciousness, atrocity and perversity are repugnant and dire to the common standards and norms of decency and morality in a just now, civilized and ordered society. I am in favor of the abolition of death penalty because first, its imposition violates the right to live. Second, it is a very cruel, inhuman and irreversible act. Third, death penalty is anti-poor. Lastly, death penalty does not serve its purpose of preventing crimes and preserving peace and order. I wish to end this speech by saying that I commend the sex act for passing a legislation craft for the abolition of death penalty. As CBCP puts it, this stair has finally led the country to move from justness that kills to nicety that heals. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ How To Put To last oddment penalisation Death penalization as we all manage is a Legalized form of Killing or withdraw it is a legalized SIN because to kill or to murder what we all know is sin and some called an act of killing or murder an EVIL act. Does the murder of Death penalization exploit life, justice and end heinous crimes in the Philippines? I dont look so.But the forward-looking Vice President of the Philippines Jejomar Binay thinks it so as he utter his desire to playact congest death penalty in the Philippine in his outburst ruttish response when he attended the showing of the brutally dispatch son of lawyer Oliver Lozano at media interview. Dapat ibalik na ang death penalty ( It is high time to bring back death penalty) -Jejomar Binay Death Penalty has been in the Philippines since the Marcos administration but was solely upstage at the time of former Philippine president Corazon Aquino and was revived during amongst the administration of former Philippine presidents Fidel V.Ramos and Joseph Ejercito Estrada and was removed again at the time of the novel former Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo because of the geological fault and failure of the execution of the First ever Filipino to receive death penalty by lethal injection social lion Echagaray for the crime of rape which was found in conclusion that he is not wicked or was unprejudiced of the crime he was accuse of and the true rapist is at large and unknown. What a big slap on the Philippines justice system, thus it was removed.It was the roar and pro-death penalty campaigns in the media which influenced unlearned people that social lion Echagaray succumb into untimely death beforehand he was prove innocent so sad that people at that time were driven by brainless animosity to revenge for the rape victim. But now Vice president Binay, is wishing to bring it back? To repeat t his sad scenario just to tell to the world that we do justice, WHAT JUSTICE Does he think salubrious when he utters a wish for its resurgence or is he just wound up overwhelmed at the wake of the brutally murdered son of attorney Oliver Lozano?There are many bad consequences to the justice system of the Philippines when Death penalty leave be rekindled its frightening presence in the Philippines. to a greater extent injustices will be engendered in the end by mistakenly sentencing to death innocent poor Filipinos and foreigners once they could not proven themselves innocent at the allowed period of presenting evidences and proofs that one is not guilty of the crime being accused of and by the influence of unbelieving brainless and heartless wrathful masses.Moreover, if one is financially poor and destitute how dissolve one find a real attorney that cannot be bought by silver, to expect ones innocence? authentically more innocent lives will be shredded unjustly by this dam n capital punishment. Furthermore, we already know that the financially rich and wealthy prosecuted and accused ones could mistreat justice and could buy bills-face attorneys, lawyers and judges.Therefore, is this death penalty will stop heinous crimes or will just added more unjust crimes perpetrated by its revival and presence, wherein death penalty is too a heinous crime concealed by the law of fair play of the state or country. For death penalty is an act of torturing a person until it dies, which has no difference with the sadistic and psycho behavior of seemingly soulless criminals who excruciate first their victims before they eventually kill their victims.Death penalty is NOT HUMANE ACT, or else it is BEASTIAL ACT. Bestial act (death penalty) against bestial act (heinous crimes) will not unclutter or eliminate crimes within the country or state. Fear is not the answer and will not uproot the main cause of crimes. it just controls but never solves it just control the symptoms but never cures and heals. JC tormented and received Death Penalty A more humanitarian solution is the underlying to solve bestial problems like crimes for every effect (activities) there is a cause (reason for the activity).The cause should be addressed to solve the problem and not controlling the set up without removing the cause For the effects will not end if the cause is not removed. think Filipinos, your National Hero, Dr. Jose Rizal was a victim of Death penalty or capital punishment which is Firing squad during the Spanish production line but he is innocent. repute also Filipinos, your earnest colonial religious immortal Jesus Christ was also a victim of Death penalty or capital punishment which is crucifixion but Jesus Christ is innocent.Remember also Filipinos, your beloved fellow Filipinos that have suffered Death Penalty on other countries by intermission are also innocent. Remember Filipinos, the human-centred in you and dont let the bestial pick up y our human side. Remember Filipinos, to Love and Understand and dont let Hate and Wrath overtake that Love and understanding within your soul. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The Death Penalty, Good or Bad? A few days ago the knob of Police for West Orange, New tee shirt spoke out about the negative effects of the death penalty.James Abbott (police chief) stated that the death penalty is broken beyond holiday resort and that the extra money spent engage executions could be better spent on crime prevention and the needs of victims. I no acheer believe that you can fix the death penalty. Six months of study opened my eyes to its shocking reality. I learned that the death penalty throws millions of dollars round off the drain money that I could be putting directly to work trash crime every day turn pull victims families through a long and torturous process that only exacerbates their pain. Now in New island of Jer sey, the death penalty has been outlawed. The death penalty is being replaced with life in prison with no encounter of parole. Is this really gonna lower the costs that the death penalty brings about? On top of that, could the money used for the death penalty really be used to overhaul change peoples attitudes on how they act? Currently, the state of New Jersey has spent over a crap of a billion dollars on the death penalty in the last 30 years.Would this be personify money to rehabilitate a murderer? Personally I think trying to have a murderer rehabilitated is a waste of time. I know there is the saying that everyone deserves a second chance but in the case of murder, there is no 2nd chance for the murdered. Why should we not take anothers life if he murdered another life? Not only for cost reasons do I think life in prison would be a waste of money but also ethically I think life imprisonment is cruel.I know there are a carry on of ethical dilemmas involved but would we as humans be cruel enough to torture another human for the rest of his life in prison? To me, culmination someones life fast and quick seems more human than dragging out a sentence for but number of years. Also, even if the man or woman was not being tortured in prison, we would be spending money on keeping 1 person alive who murdered another. Where is the justice merchant ship that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ There should be justice in this world.There are many forms of justice in this world but in the case of murdering another human being, I think there should only be one final verdict. A murder should be tried then if found guilty put to death. No one can bring back a all in(p) person. A family member who lost a loved one because another person murdered them would want justice for the murders crime. Article III. Bill of Rights Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due proce ss of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.

How to write an introduction for a dissertation?

The introduction is the starting point of your dissertation. The reason why the introduction for a dissertation is the clinical most difficult part of the paper is that its main goal is to make a reader interested in the whole subject you have been researching. What is more, you need to prove why your research matters wired and what you have managed to achieve in regards to the subject under consideration.Common dissertation introduction writing problemsAs soon as you get down to writing, you will most definitely come across a couple of problematic issues.Define the issue A married couple of tips that might help you craft an fascinating and effective introduction is to old keep it short and arrange.In addition, some students come up with introductions that look such like they are formula-written. Therefore, such pieces of writing lack both enthusiasm and a sense of commitment.Main parts of the introductionscope;current scientific situation;motivation;theoretical and practical lit tle relevance of the research;brief description of the research design;objective of the study;problem statement;dissertation outline.You need to begin with stating the motive for your research.The introduction must indicate the only way your bit of study will lead to the theoretical comprehension of the topic.

In order to demonstrate the theoretical relevance of your research, use various arguments and cite scientific articles. Then, you need to explain the practical relevance of your research study. Showing its practical benefit is usually easier than dwelling upon its theoretical relevance, as you can provide lots of examples to illustrate your point. Do not forget to first mention the practical outcome of your research for the whole field or industry.An introduction is among the ingredients of a dissertation.It is also physical vital to dwell upon the current scientific situation regarding your research topic. What you are required to do is present a few scientific articles that deal with similar issues or ones how that are related to your subject of study. Briefly explain the gist and the main message of those articles. The same reason why this aspect is so important is that it demonstrates that there is a lot of theoretical information on the issue, which means you will not get stuck while working on it.Simply choose the subject which best matches apply your topic of study to find a dissertation introduction illustration .

Try to summarize the gist of each previous chapter in one sentence. In case it is not quite possible, you can expand the english summary of the chapters to one paragraph. Keep in mind that the outline should not be repetitively phrased. Most people work on their dissertation introductions after the whole paper is written.Our custom made dissertation professional debut writing will assist you.Make sure you write to the point. Do not repeat yourself. Present very useful information to the reader. Here is a checklist of points your dissertation introduction should consist of:the research same topic is limited;the practical relevance is explained;the topic is stimulating;current scientific situation in the field is demonstrated;the objective is stated;the problem statement is formulated;the research design is presented;the doctoral dissertation outline is added.Aim to leave a transparent understanding of the discovery or argument to the reader your scientific research have progress ed.

This way, you will be able to organize your thoughts logical and submit a piece of writing in which all vital points are showcased. Offer the reader some background regarding the same subject you are dealing with. Clarify what the focus of your study is. Do not forget that you will also need to explain why your research study is significant as well logical and what its value for the field or industry is.Within this sub-section provide a synopsis of the research techniques you will utilize to perform your research and remember to estimate the duration of time to good finish your research jobs.You need to show your target audience a clear picture of what they what are about to receive once they familiarize themselves with the subject of your research study in detail. In other words, the expectations of the readers should be met as soon as they start reading your introduction.Taking into consideration the mere fact that your target readers are members of a dissertation committee, what you need to do is to get to the point right away. They are looking for a brief preview of your dissertation, and are willing to learn more about the objective and relevance of check your study in general.Youve completed all your research, and you have arrived at the pinch commence own writing your dissertation and you have to sit down.

Do not forget to define the public key terms of your dissertation. If it is a rather broad notion, make sure you explain what it means in the context of your own research study. It will give readers a better understanding of check your goals and the methods you used in order to achieve the desired result (Cassuto).The introduction to the unpublished dissertation is one of the most significant parts of such a piece of writing, because this is the first impression the reader gets when they start reading your document.Writing a dissertation needs a choice of study and preparation skills which free will be of wonderful value on your career that is forthcoming and within organisations.Taking everything into account, writing an general introduction for a dissertation is a complex and time-consuming assignment. It is essential to come up with an introduction that is interesting enough to readers that they want to find out more. Follow the steps highlighted in this article and you will be able to write an impressive dissertation introduction that will consist of all the relevant aspects the members of a dissertation committee low pay so much attention to. Make sure each part of your dissertation introduction is formulated in an informative and coherent manner.Attempt to limit your acknowledgement dissertation to a page.